Dear LP students:
Since I have given you a short definition of classical conditioning I will now also give a definition of operant conditioning:
In Operant conditioning, (unlike in classical conditioning), the goal of the behavior modification is to learn the subject (person or animal) new behavior. Operant conditioning is based on the idea that you wish to increase the frequency i.e. the amount of occasions in a given amount of time that the subject repeats the behavior that you wish it to learn. For instance: The amount of times that your 2 year old tells you they need to go to the toilet in a given week, as appose to the amount of times they forget. The end goal will then be to potty train them. In other words, you wish to take an chance wanted action and try and get the subject to repeat it over and over again till they have learned the sought after behavior, the behavior that you want them to perform in the end without your interference.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6zS7v9nSpo
What both Classical and Operant conditioning have in common is that is works through association. In Classical conditioning you associate (pair with) the stimulus to a response. Operant conditioning work by pairing, associating the RESPONSE with a STIMULUS. In Operant conditioning we reverse the order of classical conditioning. Here we fist want the action before giving the stimulus, while in classical conditioning we first give the stimulus and then the response.
What both Classical and Operant conditioning have in common is that is works through association. In Classical conditioning you associate (pair with) the stimulus to a response. Operant conditioning work by pairing, associating the RESPONSE with a STIMULUS. In Operant conditioning we reverse the order of classical conditioning. Here we fist want the action before giving the stimulus, while in classical conditioning we first give the stimulus and then the response.
Operant conditioning then moves from:
Unconditioned response (UR) and Unconditioned stimulus (US), that is before the subject makes the association or pairing
UR and Conditioned Stimulus (CS) the subject is aware that they receive a reward for their behavior, but it is not yet clear exactly what behavior is being rewarded.
Conditioned response (CR) and CS: the subject is aware that if they tell you that they want to go to the toilet to go potty, they will receive a sweaty, and so the new behavior has been learned.
As a diagram it would look like this:
UR and US
UR and CS
CR to CS
The combination of classical and operant conditioning in turn laid the foundations for modeling. Modeling makes use of the concepts of stimulus and response, but incorporates with it the ideas of positive and negative reinforcement. We also no longer speak of purely response stimulus/reward and action behavior, but rather in terms of motivations i.e. extrinsic (external) and intrinsic (internal) rewards.
If you wish me to go into more detail regarding modeling please leave me a comment and I will do so.
Best regards,
Mr. Keyser
Rough Zulu translation:
LP abafundi Dear:
Kusukela nginikele wena incazelo emfushane conditioning classical I manje ubuye anikeze incazelo conditioning operant:
Ngo conditioning Operant, (ngokungafani in conditioning zakudala), umgomo we ukuguqulwa yokuziphatha uwukufunda subject (umuntu noma isilwane) ukuziphatha okusha. Conditioning Operant kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ufisa ukwandisa nobuningi ie inani izikhathi ku imali inikezwe isikhathi ngendaba ephinda ukuziphatha ufisa khona ukuba ufunde. Ngokwesibonelo: Imali izikhathi wakho ngonyaka 2 ubudala ikutshela bedinga ukuya ethoyilethi in ngeviki owanikwa, njengoba appose kuze inani izikhathi ekhohlwa. Lo mgomo ukuphela ke kube potty aqeqeshe kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, ufisa ukuba chance wayefuna action bese uyazama futhi bathole ngokweyame ukuphinda it ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze baye bafunda le babefuna emva yokuziphatha, ukuziphatha ofuna ukuba enze ekugcineni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wakho.
Okunye futhi iya ku:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6zS7v9nSpo
What kokubili conditioning Classical futhi Operant abafana wukuthi kuba imisebenzi nge association. In conditioning Classical wena uzihlanganise (pair ne) lesi izisebenzi ukuba impendulo. Operant conditioning umsebenzi ukubhanqa, ukuzihlanganisa Impendulo ne umfutho. In conditioning Operant thina banqobe oda conditioning zasendulo. Lapha isibhakela bafuna isenzo ngaphambi kokunikeza umfutho, kanti ngo conditioning zakudala siqala ukunikeza izisebenzi futhi ke impendulo.
Conditioning Operant ke uya kumfundzi:
Ukusabela Unconditioned (UR) kanye umfutho Unconditioned (US), okusho ukuthi ngaphambi ngendaba yenza association noma yokuvumelanisa
Uri Stimulus moya (CS) ngendaba uyazi ukuthi uthola umvuzo ngokuziphatha kwabo, kodwa kungakabi kucacile kahle hle ukuziphatha zithola nomvuzo.
Ukusabela moya (CR) no CS: ngendaba uyazi ukuthi uma bekutshela ukuthi ufuna ukuya endlini encane ukuze uhambe potty, bayothola a Sweaty, ngakho ukuziphatha amasha wafunda.
Njengoba umfanekiso ukuthi kwakuyoba ibukeke lokhu:
Uri and US
Uri and CS
CR kuya CS
Ukuhlangana conditioning zakudala operant kona wabeka izisekelo ze Sokuzenzela. Sokuzenzela kwenza ukusetshenziswa imiqondo of umfutho kanye Ukusabela, kodwa sihlanganisa nalo imicabango ukuqinisa emihle nemibi. Siphinde akabange ikhuluma kuphela Ukusabela umfutho / umvuzo nemnyakato nokuziphatha, kodwa kunalokho ngokoMthetho izisusa ie extrinsic (bangaphandle) kanye eziwumgogodla (yangaphakathi) nemivuzo.
Uma ufisa kimi ukungena imininingwane eyengeziwe Sokuzenzela sicela ushiye mina okuthile kuvele ngiyokwenza kanjalo.
Ozithobayo,
Rough Zulu translation:
LP abafundi Dear:
Kusukela nginikele wena incazelo emfushane conditioning classical I manje ubuye anikeze incazelo conditioning operant:
Ngo conditioning Operant, (ngokungafani in conditioning zakudala), umgomo we ukuguqulwa yokuziphatha uwukufunda subject (umuntu noma isilwane) ukuziphatha okusha. Conditioning Operant kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ufisa ukwandisa nobuningi ie inani izikhathi ku imali inikezwe isikhathi ngendaba ephinda ukuziphatha ufisa khona ukuba ufunde. Ngokwesibonelo: Imali izikhathi wakho ngonyaka 2 ubudala ikutshela bedinga ukuya ethoyilethi in ngeviki owanikwa, njengoba appose kuze inani izikhathi ekhohlwa. Lo mgomo ukuphela ke kube potty aqeqeshe kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, ufisa ukuba chance wayefuna action bese uyazama futhi bathole ngokweyame ukuphinda it ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze baye bafunda le babefuna emva yokuziphatha, ukuziphatha ofuna ukuba enze ekugcineni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wakho.
Okunye futhi iya ku:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6zS7v9nSpo
What kokubili conditioning Classical futhi Operant abafana wukuthi kuba imisebenzi nge association. In conditioning Classical wena uzihlanganise (pair ne) lesi izisebenzi ukuba impendulo. Operant conditioning umsebenzi ukubhanqa, ukuzihlanganisa Impendulo ne umfutho. In conditioning Operant thina banqobe oda conditioning zasendulo. Lapha isibhakela bafuna isenzo ngaphambi kokunikeza umfutho, kanti ngo conditioning zakudala siqala ukunikeza izisebenzi futhi ke impendulo.
Conditioning Operant ke uya kumfundzi:
Ukusabela Unconditioned (UR) kanye umfutho Unconditioned (US), okusho ukuthi ngaphambi ngendaba yenza association noma yokuvumelanisa
Uri Stimulus moya (CS) ngendaba uyazi ukuthi uthola umvuzo ngokuziphatha kwabo, kodwa kungakabi kucacile kahle hle ukuziphatha zithola nomvuzo.
Ukusabela moya (CR) no CS: ngendaba uyazi ukuthi uma bekutshela ukuthi ufuna ukuya endlini encane ukuze uhambe potty, bayothola a Sweaty, ngakho ukuziphatha amasha wafunda.
Njengoba umfanekiso ukuthi kwakuyoba ibukeke lokhu:
Uri and US
Uri and CS
CR kuya CS
Ukuhlangana conditioning zakudala operant kona wabeka izisekelo ze Sokuzenzela. Sokuzenzela kwenza ukusetshenziswa imiqondo of umfutho kanye Ukusabela, kodwa sihlanganisa nalo imicabango ukuqinisa emihle nemibi. Siphinde akabange ikhuluma kuphela Ukusabela umfutho / umvuzo nemnyakato nokuziphatha, kodwa kunalokho ngokoMthetho izisusa ie extrinsic (bangaphandle) kanye eziwumgogodla (yangaphakathi) nemivuzo.
Uma ufisa kimi ukungena imininingwane eyengeziwe Sokuzenzela sicela ushiye mina okuthile kuvele ngiyokwenza kanjalo.
Ozithobayo,
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